华北地区针叶林下凋落物层化学性质的研究

森林凋落物中贮积了大量的有机、无机养分物质,它是森林土壤自然肥力的重要来源之一。在森林生态系统中,养分物质的内部循环主要是通过凋落物来实现的。在分解、转化过     

Distribution,length and weight of roots in young plantations ofEucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden irrigated with recycled water

Summary The root systems ofEucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, irrigated with recycled municipal effluent at two sites in north-western Victoria, Australia, were studied by excavation and coring. Trees at Robinvale were four years-old and were irrigated using micro-sprays that covered only 70% of the ground surface area, whereas at Mildura, effuent was uniformly was uniformly applied to six years-old trees by flood and sprinkler irrigation. At Mildura where roots were excavated from a 2.80×2.80×1.20 m block of soil, a total root length of 1193 m.m⁻² and a total root weight of 3.1 kg m⁻² were estimated in the top metre. For roots >1 mm diameter, 77% of intercepts were at 0–30 cm, whereas only 50% were in the 50–100 cm soil horizon. At both sites where roots in the top 30 cm were studied by coring, the vertical distributions of root intercepts, length and weight were similar. Root length was greatest in the 0–10 cm soil horizon at both sites, and intercepts of roots <1 mm diameter comprised 73% and 81% of all roots at Mildura and Robinvale respectively. Roots <1 mm diameter contributed 85% of total length at both sites, but only 19% and 21% of total weight at Mildura and Robinvale respectively. The horizontal distribution of roots differed at the two sites. With uniform application of effuent at Mildura, root intercepts and length were concentrated in the centre of the irrigation bay, but at Robinvale, the concentration occurred closer to the tree row due mainly to the different method of irrigation. Root weight at both sites was highest within 50 cm of the tree row. Root densities of 0.11 to 0.57 cm cm⁻³ were estimated in the two plantations; these were similar to root densities measured inPinus radiata D. Don plantations up to 46 months old, but were considerably lower than those estimated for pastures. The implications of the results for the management of irrigated plantations of eucalypts are discussed.     

初期采脂对马尾松木材构造的影响

广东省韶关林场采用标准的采脂工艺,在其马尾松人工林进行了两年的初期采脂试验。 在这些马尾松的采脂树的采脂盘上,主要呈现泌脂和木材增生,而在其下方距离0.5m的影响盘上。仅有一些创伤轴向树脂道和树脂囊。创伤树脂道使其邻近的轴向管胞的形状不规则,又与树轴倾斜近45°。 从山中试验区不同的松树林分,在其对照盘(对照树的)、影响盘上,自髓向外每隔一个生长轮的离析材料;另在采脂盘上密切邻近采脂面两侧,自圆盘周围向内各选4轮材料;分别测定轴向管胞的长度,得知这些30(20)年生的马尾松树仍在幼态期间,其管胞长度一般是增加的;至于采脂面两侧的管胞却显出不同程度的减短,其中一些管胞呈现种种不规则形状。     

Classification and ordination of macroinvertebrate assemblages to predict stream acidity in upland Wales

Macroinvertebrates were collected from riffles at 104 sites in upland Wales during April and July 1984. Species assemblages were ordinated by DECORANA, classified by TWINSPAN and related to stream chemistry and other environmental factors using correlation and multiple discriminant analysis. DECORANA axis 1 was most strongly correlated with pH and aluminium concentration whilst axis 2 correlated with stream gradient and flow. Four TWINSPAN site groups established in each season were also principally related to pH and aluminium concentration, and reflected overall taxon-richness; differences between groups were most apparent during spring, when catchment forest cover and taxon-richness were also related. A dichotomous key based on indicator species was established for each season with the coleopteran Hydraena gracilis Germar and the Ephemeroptera, including Baetis rhodani Pictet, important indicators at Level 1. We propose that these indicator systems may be used for the rapid detection and assessment of acid waters throughout Wales, and that the methodology is applicable generally.     

八种针阔叶幼树清晨叶水势与土壤含水量的关系及其抗旱性研究

一、前言土壤是植物根系的生活环境,是供给植物赖以生存的水分和养分的源泉。干旱区的植物尤其是树木常常由于土壤供水不足而限制其自然分布和生长。根据土壤-植物-大气连续体系     

滇西北亚高山针叶林带的外生菌根调查

本文报道了滇西北亚高山针叶林带的外生菌根调查工作。对一些亚高山针叶树种的外生菌根及其形态学和解剖学等方面进行了比较。调查结果表明,该地主要树种如长苞冷杉(Abies georgeiOrr.)、丽江云杉(Picea likiangensis Pritz.)、高山松(Pinus densata Mast.)、垂枝云杉(Picea brachytyla(Fr.)Pritz.)以及少数大果红杉(Larix potaninii Batal.)与担子菌类真菌形成外生菌根。长苞冷杉根系所形成的菌根形态多为棍棒型;丽江云杉的菌根形态多为单轴式分枝型;高山松的菌根形态都是二叉状分枝型。     

湿地松与茶树间作根系分布状况的研究

湿地松(Pinus elliottii)是阳性乔木,茶树(Camellia sinensis)是阴性灌木。这两种树种间作,形成针阔、乔灌两层树冠结构的茶园复合生态系统,可以改善茶树生态条件,提高茶叶的产量和品质。但间作存在胁地现象。一般认为这是上层树木的过度遮荫和根系间的竞争造成的。为了解这两种树种根系的分布状况和相互关系,并为间作茶园的合理配置和加强这种茶园的耕作管理提供依据,我们进行了湿地松与茶树间作根系分布状况的研究。     

DOCA—Salt高血压大鼠模型的一种简易制备方法：DOCA硅胶管皮下埋入法

用外径４ｍｍ,内径２．５０ｍｍ的硅胶管制成长２５ｍｍ,管内填入ＤＯＣＡ１００ｍｇ,管壁钻有１０一１４个直径约３００μｍ微孔的药管,埋入雄性ＳＤ大鼠（１４０±９ｇ）右下腹皮下,摘除一侧肾脏,术后喂１％盐水。埋管后３周即可形成高血压,埋管后８周大鼠的收缩压达２３．３±０．３７ｋＰａ。而ＤＯＣＡ皮下注射组大鼠（１０ｍｇ／周）术后５周形成高血压,术后１３周大鼠的收缩压达２３．３±０．６６ｋＰａ。两组升压曲线回归系数（１．２９５和０．６９２）之间的差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．００１）。对照鼠的收缩压一直保持在正常水平（１６±０．１６ｋＰａ）。与ＤＯＣＡ皮下注射法相比,皮下埋管法具有两个显著优点：（１）升压速率较快,升压幅度较大;（２）方法简便可靠,重复性好。     

田林老山中山两类森林凋落物研究

田林老山中山两类森林凋落物研究梁宏温（广西农学院林学分院,南宁５３０００１）ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｔｈｅＬｉｔｔｅｒｆａｌｌｏｆＴｗｏＦｏｒｅｓｔＴｙｐｃｓｉｎＭｉｄ—ＡｌｔｉｔｕｄｅｏｆＬａｏｓｈａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎｉｎＴｉａｎｌｉｎＣｏｕｎｔｙ．￥Ｌ...     

不同树种混交林及其纯林对土壤理化性质影响的研究

对针阔混交林土壤理化性质的研究表明,针阔混交林比针叶树纯林对土壤的改良作用要好,它使土壤总孔隙度增加２—１９％,水分含量增加６—３１％,枯枝落叶年凋落量增加２—２００％;土壤养分含量全Ｎ、ＮＨ４－Ｎ、代换性Ｃａ、代换性Ｍｇ和腐殖质含量分别增加４５—７５％、３３—８２％、５５—８５％、４４—８４％和３７—４６％．